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Compound Interest Calculator — Formula, Examples & How to Grow Wealth

Understand compound interest with real formulas and examples, and calculate returns on your investments

8 min readUpdated March 13, 2026Compound Interest, Calculator, Investment, Finance, Savings
Albert Einstein allegedly called compound interest the "eighth wonder of the world." Whether or not he said it, the math is undeniable — money that earns interest on its interest grows exponentially, not linearly. This guide explains the compound interest formula, works through real examples, and shows you how to use a free calculator to project your own investment returns.
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Free Compound Interest Calculator

Calculate compound interest with annual, quarterly, monthly, or daily compounding. See year-by-year growth and compare with simple interest.

Calculate Compound Interest

What Is Compound Interest?

Compound interest is interest calculated on the initial principal and on all previously accumulated interest. In contrast, simple interest is calculated only on the principal.

Example: ₹10,000 invested at 10% for 3 years:

YearSimple InterestCompound Interest
Year 1₹10,000 + ₹1,000 = ₹11,000₹10,000 + ₹1,000 = ₹11,000
Year 2₹11,000 + ₹1,000 = ₹12,000₹11,000 + ₹1,100 = ₹12,100
Year 3₹12,000 + ₹1,000 = ₹13,000₹12,100 + ₹1,210 = ₹13,310

The difference is ₹310 after 3 years. Over 20 years, that same ₹10,000 at 10%:

  • Simple Interest: ₹30,000 (₹10,000 principal + ₹20,000 interest)
  • Compound Interest: ₹67,275 — more than double!

The Compound Interest Formula

The standard compound interest formula:

A = P × (1 + r/n)^(n×t)

Where:

  • A = Final amount (principal + interest)
  • P = Principal (initial investment)
  • r = Annual interest rate (as a decimal, e.g., 10% = 0.10)
  • n = Number of times interest compounds per year
  • t = Time in years

Compound Interest = A − P

Example: ₹50,000 at 8% annual interest, compounded quarterly (n=4), for 5 years:

  • A = 50,000 × (1 + 0.08/4)^(4×5)
  • A = 50,000 × (1.02)^20
  • A = 50,000 × 1.4859 = ₹74,297
  • Compound Interest = ₹74,297 − ₹50,000 = ₹24,297

How Compounding Frequency Affects Returns

The more frequently interest compounds, the more you earn. Here's ₹1,00,000 at 12% annual rate for 10 years:

Compoundingn valueFinal AmountTotal Interest
Annual1₹3,10,585₹2,10,585
Semi-annual2₹3,20,714₹2,20,714
Quarterly4₹3,26,204₹2,26,204
Monthly12₹3,30,039₹2,30,039
Daily365₹3,31,946₹2,31,946
💡 In real life

Bank FDs in India typically compound quarterly. Most mutual funds compound daily via NAV appreciation. SIPs compound through reinvestment. Use our SIP Calculator for SIP-specific projections.

The Rule of 72 — Mental Math Shortcut

The Rule of 72 lets you quickly estimate how long it takes to double your money:

Years to double = 72 ÷ Annual Interest Rate (%)
Interest RateYears to DoubleReal-world example
6%12 yearsPPF (7.1%) → ~10 years
8%9 yearsFD at 8% → 9 years
12%6 yearsEquity mutual fund (long-term avg)
15%4.8 yearsAggressive equity / small cap
18%4 yearsExceptional stock returns

Inflation works the other way: at 6% inflation, the value of ₹1 lakh halves in 12 years. Your investment return must beat inflation to grow real wealth.

How to Use the Tool (Step by Step)

  1. 1

    Open the Compound Interest Calculator

    Go to ToolsArena Compound Interest Calculator — no login needed.

  2. 2

    Enter your principal amount

    Type the initial investment or deposit amount in rupees.

  3. 3

    Enter the interest rate

    Enter the annual interest rate as a percentage (e.g., 8 for 8%).

  4. 4

    Set the time period and compounding frequency

    Enter the number of years and select how often interest compounds (annually, quarterly, monthly, daily).

  5. 5

    Read the results

    See the final amount, total interest earned, and a year-by-year growth chart.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the compound interest on ₹1 lakh for 5 years at 10%?+

Using A = P×(1+r)^t: A = 1,00,000 × (1.10)^5 = 1,00,000 × 1.6105 = ₹1,61,051. Compound Interest = ₹61,051. In comparison, simple interest would give only ₹50,000.

What is the difference between compound interest and simple interest?+

Simple interest is calculated only on the principal each year. Compound interest is calculated on the principal plus all previously earned interest. Over long periods, the difference is enormous — a ₹1 lakh investment at 10% for 30 years earns ₹3 lakh in simple interest but over ₹17 lakh in compound interest.

Which bank FDs offer the highest compound interest in India?+

As of 2026, small finance banks like Unity Small Finance Bank, Suryoday, and Jana Small Finance Bank offer 8.5–9.5% on FDs. Large banks like SBI, HDFC, ICICI offer 6.5–7.5%. Senior citizens typically get 0.25–0.5% extra. Use ToolsArena's FD Calculator to compare returns.

How is compound interest calculated in SIP mutual funds?+

SIPs don't use a fixed compound interest rate — returns depend on market performance (NAV). The calculation uses CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) or XIRR for irregular cash flows. For SIP return projections, use our SIP Calculator which uses an assumed annual return rate to show projected corpus.

Does compound interest apply to loan EMIs?+

Yes, but it works against you on loans. Banks calculate interest daily or monthly on your outstanding balance. This is why the total interest paid on a 20-year home loan can exceed the principal. Use the EMI Calculator to see the full repayment schedule and total interest cost.

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Free Compound Interest Calculator

Calculate compound interest with annual, quarterly, monthly, or daily compounding. See year-by-year growth and compare with simple interest.

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